Eczema

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Key Takeaways

• Eczema is a chronic inflammatory condition that occurs due to the weakening of the skin barrier.
• Its primary causes include genetic predisposition, exposure to allergens, stress, and disruption of the skin barrier.
• In treatment, methods such as moisturizers, medicated creams, antihistamines, and phototherapy are used; at home, warm showers, rapid moisturization, and stress management are important.
• Vitamin D deficiency, imbalance in the gut flora, and certain foods (dairy, gluten, sugar) may trigger eczema flare-ups.

What is Eczema?

Eczema is a chronically developing inflammatory skin condition that occurs due to the weakening of the skin’s protective barrier. It causes symptoms such as itching, redness, and dryness. It may have periods of flare-ups and remission. It can affect individuals of all age groups.

What Are the Types of Eczema?

There are various forms of eczema. Each presents with different symptoms. Some types develop as a result of contact with allergens, while others are seen due to genetic predisposition. Understanding the types allows for the creation of a personalized treatment plan. For this reason, identifying the type of eczema during diagnosis is important.

The types of eczema can be listed as follows:

Atopic Dermatitis

It is the most common type of eczema, beginning in childhood. There are symptoms of severe dryness and itching of the skin. It appears more frequently in individuals with an allergic tendency.

Contact Dermatitis

It occurs as a result of contact with allergens or irritant substances. Chemicals are the most common triggers. It appears with redness and a burning sensation.

Seborrheic Dermatitis

It presents as an oily and scaly appearance on the scalp, face, and chest area. In infants, it is known as ‘cradle cap.’

Nummular Eczema

It manifests with round, coin-shaped lesions. It is seen mostly on the legs and arms. Dry skin is the most significant symptom.

Dyshidrotic Eczema

It presents with small fluid-filled blisters on the hands and feet. The itching may be quite severe.

Stasis Dermatitis

It is seen in individuals who have circulatory problems in the veins of the legs. Swelling, redness, and discoloration are observed.

What are the Symptoms of Eczema?

The symptoms of eczema appear as skin sensitivity, itching, and dryness, and they vary from person to person. Symptoms such as crusting, cracks, or fluid-filled blisters may also occur. During flare-up periods, issues such as itching may intensify.

Its commonly observed symptoms can be listed as follows:

• Dry and cracked skin
• Redness and irritation
• Severe itching
• Fluid-filled blisters or crusting

What Causes Eczema?

Eczema may develop due to genetic and environmental factors. When the immune system overreacts, inflammation may develop in the skin. Stress and allergens play an important role in this condition. It may lead to moisture loss and irritation.

The causes of eczema can be listed as follows:

• Genetic predisposition
• Sensitive immune system
• Weakening of the skin barrier
• Allergens
• Stress

How is Eczema Diagnosed?

A physical examination is performed by a dermatologist and the diagnosis is made. When necessary, an allergy test is applied. In some cases, a skin biopsy may also be performed. The diagnosis of eczema is made quickly and easily. The diagnosis of eczema is generally established easily through a dermatology examination.

When deemed necessary, the following tests may be performed:

• Allergy tests: Used to identify triggering substances
• Patch test: Preferred in cases of suspected contact dermatitis
• Skin biopsy: A small sample may be taken when a definitive distinction is required

How is Eczema Treated?

The treatment of eczema varies depending on the severity of the condition. At the first stage, the goal is to help moisturize the skin and control inflammation. The treatment process requires long-term and regular care. Following physicians’ recommendations increases the speed of recovery.

The treatment methods for eczema can be listed as follows:

• Moisturizers
• Corticosteroid creams
• Topical calcineurin inhibitors
• Antihistamines
• Phototherapy (Light Therapy)

Supportive Methods That Can Be Applied at Home

At-home skincare aimed at eczema is important. Regular moisturizing and the use of gentle products help reduce flare-ups. The following methods provide effective support in the daily routine:

• Taking warm showers
• Moisturizing within the first 3 minutes after showering
• Wearing cotton clothing
• Reducing stress.

Frequently Asked Questions About Eczema

How does eczema heal?

Suppressive medications and wet dressings may be used in the treatment of eczema. The main goal is to reduce the frequency of flare-ups and strengthen the skin. Soaps, barrier creams, and moisturizers are recommended by the physician.

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with eczema?

Eczema is particularly associated with vitamin D deficiency. Low vitamin D leads to weakening of the skin barrier.

Is eczema related to the gut?

Eczema is thought to be closely related to gut health. An imbalance in the gut flora may trigger inflammation.

Which foods trigger eczema?

Dairy products, eggs, gluten, processed foods, and high amounts of sugar may increase eczema flare-ups. In some individuals, nuts, chocolate, and spicy foods may also worsen itching and redness.