Blood Tests: Types & Results

Blood tests are one of the most frequently utilized diagnostic methods to evaluate overall health status, detect diseases at an early stage, and monitor treatment processes. Through a simple blood sample, significant information can be obtained regarding the function of various organs, the presence of infection, vitamin and mineral levels, and metabolic status.

What is a Blood Test?

A blood test is a diagnostic procedure that enables the detection of diseases through the laboratory analysis of a small blood sample, typically drawn from a vein in the arm. Through these tests, the following conditions can be evaluated:

• Presence of infection
• Anemia
• Risk of diabetes
• Liver and kidney functions
• Thyroid disorders
• Risk of cardiovascular diseases

What Are the Types of Blood Tests?

Blood tests are classified into different categories according to their purpose. The most commonly performed types of blood tests are as follows:

Complete Blood Count (Hemogram)

A complete blood count is the most frequently performed test and measures the number of blood cells.

Parameters routinely evaluated in a blood test include:

• WBC (White Blood Cell): Indicates infection and immune status
• RBC (Red Blood Cell): Reflects oxygen-carrying capacity
• HGB (Hemoglobin): Indicator of anemia
• HCT (Hematocrit): Proportion of red blood cells in the blood
• PLT (Platelet): Reflects clotting status

This test is particularly used in the diagnosis of anemia, infections, and certain hematological disorders.

Biochemistry Tests

Biochemistry tests assess organ functions and metabolic status.

Key biochemical parameters evaluated in blood tests include:

• Liver Function Tests
• ALT
• AST
• ALP
• Bilirubin
• Kidney Function Tests
• Creatinine
• Urea (BUN)
• Blood Glucose
• Fasting Blood Glucose (Glucose)
• HbA1c (3-month average blood glucose level)
• Lipid Profile (Cholesterol Test)
• Total Cholesterol
• LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
• HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
• Triglycerides

These tests are of critical importance in evaluating the risk of diabetes, kidney diseases, liver disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.

Hormone Tests

Hormone tests determine whether the endocrine system is functioning properly.

Commonly evaluated hormone levels include:

• TSH
• Free T3
• Free T4
• Insulin
• Cortisol
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin B12

They are particularly used in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders, metabolic problems, and hormonal imbalances.

Coagulation Tests

Coagulation tests are performed in preoperative assessments and in cases of bleeding disorders.

Main parameters include:

• PT
• INR
• aPTT

Bleeding risk or clotting abnormalities can be identified through these tests.

How Are Blood Test Results Interpreted?

Blood test results are evaluated according to reference ranges, as well as the individual’s age and overall health status. During interpretation, several important points should be considered:

• A single high or low value does not always indicate disease.
• Results should be assessed collectively rather than individually.
• Age and existing medical conditions may influence the results.
• For tests requiring fasting (such as fasting blood glucose and lipid profile), an 8–12 hour fasting period before the test is important.
• The results should always be evaluated by a physician.

Preparing for a Blood Test

It is important to follow the given instructions before undergoing a blood test. This ensures that when the physician evaluates the blood test results, an accurate treatment plan can be determined. The following points should be considered before a blood test:

• Fast for the duration specified by your physician.
• Inform healthcare personnel about any medications you are taking.
• Avoid excessive exercise.
• Having the test performed in the morning is generally more appropriate for most tests.

Why Should Blood Tests Be Performed Regularly?

Through regular blood testing, diseases can be detected at an early stage. Silent conditions such as diabetes and hypercholesterolemia can be identified, and organ functions can be monitored accordingly. In addition, an individual’s response to treatment can be evaluated. It is particularly recommended that individuals over the age of 40 undergo blood testing as part of an annual check-up.

For personalized evaluation of your blood test results and professional medical guidance, please contact us to schedule a consultation.

Frequently Asked Questions About Blood Tests

Should a blood test be performed on an empty stomach?

Certain blood tests (such as fasting blood glucose and lipid profile) require an 8–12 hour fasting period. However, not all tests require fasting. It is essential to act according to your physician’s guidance.

Which values are most important in a blood test?

In a complete blood count, WBC, HGB, and PLT; in biochemistry tests, glucose, creatinine, and cholesterol levels; and in hormone tests, TSH are among the most frequently evaluated core parameters. However, which value is considered important depends on the individual’s health status.

How long does it take to receive blood test results?

Most routine blood tests are finalized on the same day. Some specialized hormone tests or advanced investigations may take several days.

Do elevated values in a blood test always indicate disease?

Stress, medication use, infection, or temporary conditions may influence certain values. Therefore, results should always be evaluated by a physician.