Radiation Oncology

Radiation oncology is a medical specialty that uses high-energy radiation primarily to destroy cancer cells. In addition to targeting and destroying cancerous tissue, it can also effectively shrink tumors and relieve related symptoms. Expert oncologists employ advanced technological equipment to design and deliver precise treatments tailored to each patient. This allows for highly effective therapies with minimal side effects, ensuring a more targeted and patient-centered approach to care.

What is Radiation Oncology?

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that uses ionizing radiation to destroy or shrink tumor tissue. It can be administered as a standalone therapy or in combination with other treatment modalities, such as surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation oncologists, specialists in radiation therapy, assess the suitability of the treatment for each patient and provide detailed guidance. They also develop a personalized radiotherapy plan that delivers an optimal dose to the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.

What are The Types of Radiation Oncology?

Radiation oncology encompasses a range of treatment methods that vary depending on the size, type, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health condition.

Each method is designed to target and eliminate cancer cells. The techniques used in radiation therapy may differ based on how the radiation is delivered to the affected area

Types of radiation oncology treatments include:

CyberKnife

CyberKnife is a modern radiotherapy system used in cancer treatment. It is a non-invasive technique that delivers high-dose radiation to tumors with extreme precision, using advanced robotic technology and real-time imaging systems.

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT)

This is the most commonly used type of radiation therapy. It involves directing radiation from a linear accelerator externally to the tumor site.

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

This technique adjusts the intensity of radiation based on the shape, size, and sensitivity of the tumor. It aims to maximize the dose to cancer cells while protecting surrounding healthy tissues.

Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (SRT)

SRT is a high-dose radiation treatment that targets tumors with sub-millimeter precision. It is often used for small, well-defined tumors, particularly in the brain, lungs, and liver.

Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy involves placing a radioactive source directly inside or near the tumor. It is commonly used in the treatment of breast, head and neck, prostate, and gynecological cancers.

Proton Therapy

Proton therapy is a highly precise treatment method that uses proton beams instead of traditional X-rays. It is particularly suitable for pediatric patients and tumors located near critical or sensitive structures.

Which Conditions are Treated in Radiation Oncology?

Radiation oncology is a medical discipline that focuses on treatment procedures involving the use of radiation. This field is particularly centered on the study and treatment of cancer cells and tumors. Radiation oncology commonly addresses the management of the following conditions:

• Breast cancer
• Skin cancer types
• Head and neck cancers
• Brain tumors
• Bladder cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Lung cancer
• Lymphomas
• Pediatric tumors
• Gastrointestinal cancers
• Gynecologic cancers
• Soft tissue tumors
• Bone tumors

How Does the Radiotherapy Treatment Process Work?

In radiation oncology, treatment is typically directed at targeting the cells themselves. The aim is to destroy their genetic material, thereby preventing the cells from growing and dividing further. While radiation therapy may also affect healthy cells surrounding the tumor, these cells generally have a stronger ability to repair themselves compared to cancerous ones.

Consultation (Specialist Evaluation)

The process begins with a consultation between the patient and a radiation oncologist. During this initial phase, the cancer diagnosis, stage, and the patient’s overall health status are thoroughly assessed. Based on this evaluation, it is determined whether radiotherapy is an appropriate treatment option.

Treatment Planning

Imaging techniques are used to determine the exact location, size, and surrounding structures of the tumor. These data are then used to calculate a personalized radiation dose distribution and treatment area tailored to the patient's condition.

Simulation

Once the target area for radiation is identified, the patient is positioned as they will be during actual treatment. This step simulates the treatment setup to ensure precision in targeting the radiation field.

Treatment Delivery

During this phase, the patient receives therapy via a radiation device at pre-scheduled times. Sessions are typically painless and last only a few minutes. The overall treatment duration varies depending on the type, stage, and individualized plan for the cancer.

Follow-Up and Evaluation

After completing radiation therapy, the patient’s progress is monitored through regular follow-up appointments. Imaging and blood tests are used to evaluate the body’s response to the treatment and determine if additional care is needed.

Frequently Asked Questions About Radiation Oncology

What are the side effects of radiation therapy?

One of the most common side effects of radiation therapy is fatigue. Patients may also experience skin reactions such as redness, peeling, blistering, or itching; hair loss in the treated area; and a decrease in blood cell counts, depending on the treatment site.

Is radiotherapy a painful procedure?

Radiotherapy is not a painful procedure. The treatment device targets the specified area with precision, and patients do not feel any pain or discomfort during the session.

Can radiation therapy be combined with chemotherapy?

Yes, radiation therapy can be administered either on its own or in combination with chemotherapy. The decision is made by the oncologist based on the patient’s overall condition and treatment requirements.