Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are a common condition that may develop either inside the rectum or around the anus. They occur when blood vessels swell, leading to symptoms such as pain, itching in the anal area, and bleeding. Straining during bowel movements, lifting heavy objects, or sitting on the toilet for extended periods are among the factors that contribute to hemorrhoids. Increasing daily fiber intake and avoiding straining are effective measures to help prevent this condition.

Table Of Contents
What is Hemorrhoids?
What Are the Symptoms of Hemorrhoids?
What Causes Hemorrhoids?
How Are Hemorrhoids Diagnosed?
How Are Hemorrhoids Treated?

What is Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are swollen and enlarged veins that develop inside or outside the anus and rectum. They often cause pain and discomfort, and in more advanced stages may lead to bleeding. Hemorrhoids are also referred to as piles. While everyone has hemorrhoidal tissue, it becomes troublesome when these veins swell and enlarge due to certain factors.

The types of hemorrhoids can be listed as follows:

Internal hemorrhoids are swollen veins located inside the rectum. They often cause bleeding but usually do not lead to pain.
External hemorrhoids are swollen veins beneath the skin around the anus. These can be itchy and painful.

What Are the Symptoms of Hemorrhoids?

Internal hemorrhoids rarely cause pain and may often go unnoticed. When symptoms are absent, the presence of blood in the stool can be a possible indicator. External hemorrhoids, on the other hand, present more distinct signs and may develop with the following symptoms:

Itching or irritation around the anus
A hard lump near the anus that feels painful or tender
Pain or discomfort in the anal area, especially when sitting
Bleeding after wiping

A thrombosed hemorrhoid, which occurs when blood accumulates inside an external hemorrhoid, is characterized by swelling and inflammation.

What Causes Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids develop as a result of excessive pressure on the veins located in the anus or rectum, often combined with irregular bowel movements. This pressure or irritation leads to swelling and inflammation of the veins. The conditions that can cause include:

Straining too hard during bowel movements
Lifting heavy objects
Sitting on the toilet for extended periods
Chronic constipation or diarrhea
Following a low-fiber diet
Pregnancy
Being overweight
Engaging in anal intercourse

How Are Hemorrhoids Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of hemorrhoids is based on symptoms and physical examination. In the case of external hemorrhoids, the physician checks for any prolapse by direct observation. In addition, the following methods may be used in diagnosis:

Rectal examination: The doctor checks for swollen veins.
Anoscopy: An anoscope is used to visualize the inner lining of the anus and rectum.
Sigmoidoscopy: A sigmoidoscope is used to examine the inside of the lower part of the colon and rectum.

How Are Hemorrhoids Treated?

Hemorrhoids can improve by increasing the intake of high-fiber foods and adjusting toilet habits. Symptoms such as pain and bleeding may last for a week or slightly longer. The following measures can help relieve symptoms:

Drink plenty of fluids
Increase fiber consumption
Take warm baths for 10 to 20 minutes daily
Use stool softeners or mild laxatives
Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and inflammation

If symptoms worsen or do not improve, medical consultation is necessary. Treatment methods that a doctor may apply include:

Rubber band ligation: A small band is placed around the hemorrhoid to cut off blood flow.
Electrocoagulation: An electric current is used to block blood flow to the hemorrhoid.
Infrared coagulation: A small probe inserted into the rectum emits heat to eliminate the hemorrhoid.
Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution is injected into the swollen vein to destroy the hemorrhoidal tissue
Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of large external hemorrhoids or prolapsed internal hemorrhoids.
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD): Internal hemorrhoids are tied off and repositioned into the rectum with sutures.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice.If you are experiencing symptoms, please contact us.

Which doctor should be consulted for hemorrhoids?

For hemorrhoids, it is necessary to see a general surgery.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Hemorrhoids

How to get rid of hemorrhoids? +

The first step in treating hemorrhoids is to follow a high-fiber diet, drink plenty of water, and establish regular bowel habits. In more advanced cases, band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgical procedures may be required.

What do hemorrhoids look like? +

While internal hemorrhoids are generally not visible, external hemorrhoids appear as purplish, swollen, and sometimes painful lumps around the anus.

How to fix hemorrhoids? +

Hemorrhoids may improve with a high-fiber diet, warm sitz baths, pain relievers, and stool softeners. In cases that do not resolve or become more severe, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Will hemorrhoids go away on their own? +

Small and mild hemorrhoids may resolve on their own within a few days or weeks. However, medical intervention is essential for chronic hemorrhoids.

How long do hemorrhoids usually last? +

When hemorrhoids are mild, they usually improve within 1–2 weeks. More severe or thrombosed hemorrhoids, however, may persist longer without treatment.

What foods should I avoid with hemorrhoids? +

If hemorrhoids are present, it is important to avoid processed foods, low-fiber meals, spicy and heavily seasoned dishes, as well as excessive caffeine and alcohol consumption.

Can hemorrhoids cause blood clots? +

External hemorrhoids can sometimes form a blood clot inside, known as a thrombosed hemorrhoid. This can cause sudden, severe pain, swelling, and a hard lump near the anus. While not usually dangerous, it may require medical treatment or even minor surgery if the pain is intense.

Do fiber supplements really help with hemorrhoids? +

Fiber supplements (such as psyllium husk or methylcellulose) soften stools and make bowel movements easier. This reduces straining, which is one of the main causes of hemorrhoids. Doctors often recommend fiber along with increased water intake to relieve symptoms and prevent flare-ups.

Is rectal bleeding always caused by hemorrhoids? +

While rectal bleeding is a common symptom of hemorrhoids, it can also signal other conditions like anal fissures, infections, diverticulosis, or even colorectal cancer. If you notice persistent bleeding, large amounts of blood, or black tarry stools, you should consult a doctor immediately.

What are the side effects of hemorrhoid treatments? +

Most over-the-counter creams, ointments, and suppositories are safe when used correctly. However, some side effects may include mild burning, itching, or allergic reactions to certain ingredients. More invasive treatments, such as rubber band ligation or surgery, may lead to temporary pain, infection, or recurrence. Always follow medical advice.

What is a digital rectal exam, and why is it important? +

A digital rectal exam (DRE) is a quick, routine test where a doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities. It helps confirm the presence of hemorrhoids and rule out more serious conditions like tumors, polyps, or prostate problems. It’s a standard part of diagnosing rectal bleeding or anal discomfort.