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Influenza is an illness caused by the influenza virus that affects the respiratory tract. It leads to symptoms such as fever, headache, body aches, cough, and nasal congestion. If the individual has a chronic health condition or is pregnant, it may result in serious complications. It is possible to take preventive measures against influenza through the flu vaccine.
Key Takeaways
- Influenza (flu) is a respiratory tract infection that is common during the winter months and spreads rapidly.
- Symptoms such as fever, cough, and head and muscle pain appear suddenly.
- It should be taken seriously, as it may lead to severe complications in high-risk groups.
- The most effective method of prevention is the flu vaccine; hygiene and avoiding close contact are also important.
What is Influenza (Flu)?
Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus and manifests itself with symptoms such as fever, cough, and headache. Commonly seen during the winter months, influenza can spread rapidly. The highest number of cases is observed particularly between December and February. It is also known as one of the most contagious diseases.
Types of influenza
There are two main types of influenza viruses:
- Type A influenza
- Type B influenza
Most individuals who have the flu are known to be infected with the influenza type A virus. In addition, it has many subtypes and strains. The virus that causes COVID-19 is different from the influenza virus. Influenza infections are more severe compared to the common cold. They can lead to major outbreaks and serious illnesses.
Who is at Risk Due to Influenza?
Chronic health problems increase an individual’s risk of serious illness. These are generally complications that lead to hospitalization. In the following situations, the individual has a high risk of severe illness:
- Chronic lung disease such as asthma and COPD
- History of stroke, kidney, liver, neurological, heart, or vascular disease
- Diabetes
- Weakened immune system
- Sickle cell anemia
- Obesity
- Individuals over the age of 65
- Pregnancy
Symptoms of Influenza
Influenza symptoms appear suddenly and cause chills, body aches, fever, and cough, which may leave the individual feeling weak. The symptoms of influenza can be listed as follows:
- Chills and shivering
- Fever
- Body aches
- Cough
- HeadacheSore throat
- Runny or congested nose
- Fatigue or a feeling of exhaustion
- Diarrhea or vomiting
What Causes Influenza?
Influenza virus is the primary cause of the flu. In particular, types A, B, and C are those that infect humans. Influenza A and B are seen seasonally and appear during the winter months. Influenza C does not cause severe symptoms and affects individuals to a lesser degree. H1N1 (swine flu) and avian influenza are subtypes of influenza A.
How Does Influenza Spread?
For the flu virus to spread, it is first necessary to have direct or indirect contact with someone who is infected. The other ways of contracting influenza can be listed as follows:
- Through the air when someone nearby sneezes, coughs, or talks
- Touching a surface that has the flu virus on it and then touching the nose, mouth, or face
- Touching the hands or face of a person with the flu and then touching one’s own face, nose, or eyes.
How is Influenza Diagnosed?
After listening to the individual’s symptoms, the specialist physician may take a mucus sample from the nose. Following the examination of the mucus sample, influenza is diagnosed. During the flu test, a long swab with a tip is inserted into the nose. Once the sample is sent to the laboratory, the analysis begins. The results are available within one or two days.
How is Influenza Treated?
When influenza progresses, it can be treated with antiviral medications. With these medications, the individual’s risk of serious illness is minimized and the duration of illness is shortened. Many individuals can also be treated without prescription medications, depending on their symptoms.
In addition to this, medications may have side effects. Among the most common side effects are diarrhea and nausea. In such situations, it is important to consult a physician in the relevant specialty, taking the symptoms into consideration.
What are the Ways to Prevent Influenza?
The best way to reduce the risk of influenza is to get the flu vaccine. In addition to this, you can protect yourself against the flu by taking preventive measures. The ways to prevent influenza can be listed as follows:
- Wash your hands frequently or use hand sanitizer
- Cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing
- Avoid being near others if you have the flu
- Wear a mask if you are in the same environment as someone who is infected or if you have symptoms
- Avoid touching your face, nose, and mouth throughout the day
- Do not share items such as forks, spoons, or cups with others.
Frequently Asked Questions About Influenza
How long does the flu last?
The flu may last from a few days to two weeks, depending on the individual’s overall health status. Body aches and fever appear suddenly and may resolve quickly. Cough and runny nose last longer compared to other symptoms.
How long is the flu contagious?
The flu is considered contagious starting one day before symptoms begin and up to one week afterward. It is most contagious within three to four days after symptoms first appear.
Is influenza a serious flu?
The flu is a serious illness for some individuals. When it progresses, it is important to see a doctor. The best way to prevent the flu is to receive the flu vaccine every year.
Is influenza A or B worse?
Influenza A and B present with similar symptoms. However, influenza A may cause severe illness in adults.
What are the 5 stages of flu?
Influenza begins with the incubation period. After contracting the flu virus, it may take 1–4 days for the individual to start feeling ill. Symptoms begin and intensify. Then the illness peaks. Fatigue increases and the symptoms become severe.
Which medical department should be consulted when influenza symptoms appear?
For influenza, an appointment can be made with the Internal Diseases Department.
