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Psychology, in its broadest sense, is the scientific study of behavior and the mind. It examines both conscious and unconscious processes, with a primary focus on emotions and thoughts. As an extensive scientific discipline, psychology encompasses a wide range of fields, and those who specialize in this domain and conduct research are known as psychologists. Although psychology is classified as a social science, it also integrates principles from the natural sciences, particularly drawing upon and advancing knowledge in brain biology.
The field of psychology investigates both directly observable behaviors and complex mental processes such as thinking, imagination, memory, and dreaming, which cannot be observed directly. It addresses internal mechanisms such as perception, attention, emotion, motivation, intelligence, and personality, as well as interpersonal and intergroup relationships. Within its scope, psychology studies the behavior of both humans and animals, maintaining a close relationship with medical, biological, and social sciences.
As a discipline that examines mental processes like emotion, thought, memory, and learning, psychology constantly interacts with numerous other scientific branches. These include philosophy, anthropology, genetics, and biology. The ultimate purpose of psychology can be described as understanding, maintaining, and improving human mental health.
Psychology comprises several subfields such as clinical psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, and educational psychology. Individuals who complete postgraduate studies in these areas earn the title of specialist psychologist and dedicate their careers to advancing human well-being. Psychologists can work in various institutions, including mental health centers, childcare facilities, schools, courthouses, and correctional institutions, while many also serve in hospitals, playing a key role in both individual and public health. Just as patients consult physicians for physical illnesses, individuals experiencing psychological difficulties can seek help from psychologists to restore their mental well-being. Competent and experienced psychologists tailor treatment approaches according to each patient’s unique situation. In general, their work encompasses psychological counseling, psychotherapy, psychological testing, and comprehensive psychological evaluations—aiming to help individuals achieve mental stability in the shortest possible time.
Mild adjustment issues in social life are typically addressed through psychological counseling, whereas more severe behavioral disorders may require psychotherapy. The psychologist explains the treatment method, duration, and process details during the initial consultation before commencing therapy.
Which Disorders Are Treated in the Psychology Department
Psychologists, who work meticulously in diagnosing, preventing, and treating mental disorders, primarily aim to help individuals achieve the desired living standards. Through various therapeutic approaches, they reduce anxiety and stress, assist patients in discovering their strengths and weaknesses, and foster self-esteem, ultimately striving to make life more fulfilling. By creating professional awareness in individuals overwhelmed by negative emotions and thoughts, psychologists guide them toward mental well-being.
Cognitive and behavioral disturbances often accompany psychological distress, reducing quality of life and impairing social relationships. If left untreated, these conditions may become increasingly severe over time. Psychologists play an essential role in treating many such disorders by addressing thoughts and emotions that deviate from the norm. Depression, affecting children, adolescents, and adults, is among the most common conditions treated by psychologists.
Anxiety disorders, characterized by uncontrollable fear, worry, nervousness, and tension, also form a core area of psychological treatment. Social phobia, which disrupts healthy thought processes in social interactions, can be effectively managed through psychotherapy.
Bipolar disorder, involving sudden and extreme mood changes, is another condition requiring careful clinical attention, as untreated cases may lead to serious outcomes. Psychologists, who recognize that mental health is inseparable from physical health, also assist individuals in areas such as substance and alcohol addictions, sleep disorders, and eating disorders. In doing so, they play an important role not only in supporting mental well-being but also in protecting physical health.
Psychologists are qualified to provide family and marriage therapy and may also treat sexual dysfunctions that can affect both men and women. If necessary, they collaborate with psychiatry departments to ensure comprehensive treatment planning. By professionally identifying and addressing clients’ individual, genetic, or environmental challenges, psychologists uphold medical ethics and ensure the confidentiality of personal data with utmost sensitivity and care.
