Cardiology

Cardiology is the medical department that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the circulatory system, including the heart and blood vessels. In addition to treatment, this specialty also plays a key role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Congenital heart diseases, heart failure, heart attack, and coronary artery disease are among the cardiac conditions managed within this department. The most appropriate treatment approach is determined according to the individual needs of the patient. One of the fundamental objectives of cardiology is the early detection of diseases to maintain and protect heart health.

What is Cardiology?

Cardiology is the medical field concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the heart and circulatory system, such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, and heart failure. Cardiologists manage cardiovascular conditions including vascular occlusions and cardiac rhythm disorders, and provide recommendations aimed at maintaining heart health. Ensuring the healthy functioning of the heart and thereby supporting overall quality of life is among the primary objectives of this field.

What are Cardiology Diseases?

Cardiology manages the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of diseases affecting the circulatory system involving the heart and blood vessels, including heart attack, cardiac rhythm disorders, arterial problems, heart failure, pericarditis, cholesterol-related conditions, and hypertension.

The conditions addressed by the cardiology department include the following:

• Narrowing and blockage of the coronary arteries
• Heart failure
• Irregular heart rhythms
• Diseases of the heart muscle
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Congenital heart diseases involving structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth
• Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis)
• Inflammation of the outer lining of the heart (pericarditis)
• Diseases of the aorta

What are the Symptoms of Cardiology Diseases?

Symptoms of heart diseases include dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, fainting, swelling in the legs, rapid or irregular heartbeat, and extreme fatigue. Symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath may indicate an emergency and therefore require careful evaluation.

Commonly observed symptoms of heart disease include:

• Chest pain
• A feeling of pressure or tightness in the chest
• Shortness of breath during physical exertion
• Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
• Dizziness or fainting
• Pain radiating to the arms, shoulders, back, or jaw
• Swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen
• Weakness or fatigue
• Cold sweating
• Pale skin
• Coughing or wheezing while breathing

Diagnosis and Tests Performed in the Cardiology Department

Following a cardiology consultation, additional diagnostic tests may be requested to establish an accurate diagnosis and determine the most appropriate treatment strategy. During this process, the following diagnostic methods are typically employed:

• The patient’s symptoms and clinical complaints are carefully reviewed
• A comprehensive physical examination is performed, including auscultation of the heart rhythm
• Electrocardiography (ECG) provides detailed information regarding cardiac rhythm and heart rate
• Echocardiography utilizes ultrasound waves to assess cardiac structure, functional performance, and valvular integrity
• A stress test (exercise test) is conducted to monitor blood pressure and cardiac response under physical exertion
• Continuous heart rhythm monitoring is performed using a Holter device over a 24–48 hour period
• Angiography (coronary angiography) visualizes the condition of the blood vessels through the administration of a contrast agent into the vasculature

How often should a cardiology examination be performed?

In healthy adult individuals, a cardiology examination is generally recommended every one to two years. However, for individuals with hypertension, diabetes, or a family history of cardiovascular disease, a comprehensive cardiological evaluation should be performed at least once annually.

Treatment Methods for Cardiological Diseases

The treatment of cardiological diseases is planned according to the type and severity of the condition and may include pharmacological therapies, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions. The primary objective is to preserve cardiac function and prevent disease progression.

The main treatment approaches include:

• Pharmacological treatments, such as anticoagulants and medications for blood pressure and cholesterol control
• Lifestyle modifications, including balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and smoking cessation
• Interventional procedures, such as angiography, angioplasty, and stent placement
• Surgical interventions, including coronary bypass surgery and heart valve repair or replacement

Frequently Asked Questions About Cardiology

What is the difference between cardiovascular surgery and cardiology?

Cardiology focuses on the diagnosis and non-surgical management of heart and vascular diseases. Cardiovascular surgery, on the other hand, involves operative interventions such as coronary bypass procedures and heart valve surgeries.

Does cardiology look at varicose veins?

Cardiology primarily addresses conditions related to the heart and major blood vessels. Varicose veins are most commonly evaluated and managed by cardiovascular surgeons or specialists in vascular diseases.

What are three foods cardiologists say not to eat?

Cardiologists generally recommend limiting the consumption of processed meats, fried foods, and sugar-rich products. These foods are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, elevated cholesterol levels, and hypertension.

Does cardiology require blood tests?

Yes, blood tests are frequently utilized in cardiology to assess cholesterol levels, cardiac enzymes, and inflammatory markers. These tests play a crucial role in the early detection and ongoing monitoring of heart diseases.