Urology

The urology unit specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the urinary and reproductive systems in both adults and children. These conditions may include urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, infertility, and various types of cancer. The urinary system plays a vital role in maintaining the body's health by filtering waste and toxins and eliminating them through urine. When any issue arises within this system, a urologist is qualified to diagnose and manage the condition effectively.

What is Urology?

Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the surgical and medical conditions of the urinary system and the reproductive organs. The organs within the scope of this discipline include the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs. Since the urinary and reproductive systems are closely interconnected in the body, dysfunction in one often affects the other. As a result, conditions such as urinary tract infections, bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, and traumatic injuries are often managed together. In addition, urology closely collaborates with practitioners in oncology, nephrology, gynecology, andrology, pediatric surgery, and endocrinology.

Which Diseases are Treated in Urology?

Urology deals with both common and rare conditions affecting the urinary and reproductive systems, which can impact individuals of all ages. It also encompasses the treatment of disorders that affect only men or only women.

Conditions managed by the urology department include:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Urinary incontinence
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
• Interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome)
• Bladder cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Erectile dysfunction
• Kidney stones
• Bladder stones
• Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract

Diagnostic Methods in the Urology Department

Urology departments utilize the most advanced diagnostic methods to accurately identify a wide range of disorders affecting the male reproductive and urinary systems. A variety of diagnostic services are offered, including:

Physical Examination

A comprehensive physical examination is conducted along with a detailed medical history to determine the root cause of a patient's symptoms.

Laboratory Tests

Urologists may use laboratory analyses to detect conditions such as urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and prostate-related disorders.

Imaging Tests

To closely examine the male reproductive and urinary systems, imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI may be employed.

Urodynamic Tests

This series of tests evaluates the function of the bladder and urinary tract. It helps diagnose issues such as overactive bladder, urinary retention, and incontinence by assessing bladder muscle and nerve control as well as urine flow and pressure.

Biopsy

A biopsy involves removing a small tissue sample from the urinary system for microscopic examination. This helps diagnose conditions such as kidney tumors, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. The sample may be obtained manually or through a cystoscopy procedure under local anesthesia.

Treatment Approaches in the Urology Department

At our urology units, we offer a comprehensive range of therapies for various urological conditions, including:

Medical Management

Medical management involves non-invasive treatment methods such as medication and behavioral interventions. At Medicana Health Group, our experienced urologists use the latest technologies to deliver safe and effective care for urological issues. Common treatment options include:

• Prescription Drugs: These may be prescribed for conditions like urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and prostate-related problems.
• Bladder Retraining: A behavioral technique designed to help the bladder hold more urine and reduce the frequency of urination.
• Neuromodulation: A minimally invasive procedure using electrical stimulation to improve bladder function and reduce incontinence.
• Infusion Therapy: Medications are administered directly into the bladder to relieve symptoms of overactive bladder and incontinence.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Patients may be advised to make changes in fluid intake, diet, weight management, and pelvic floor muscle engagement.

Endourology

Endourology is a sub-specialty of urology focusing on minimally invasive, endoscopic procedures. These techniques avoid open surgery by accessing the urinary tract through small incisions or natural pathways such as the urethra.

Our specialists perform a variety of procedures, including:

• Ureteroscopy: Used to diagnose and treat ureteral or bladder disorders, including large kidney stones (via PCNL).
• Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP): A laser-based, minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
• Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): A standard procedure for both BPH and prostate cancer.
• Urethral Stricture Therapy: Endoscopic treatment of urethral narrowing or blockage.

Each patient receives a personalized care plan, based on their individual health status. By using the most advanced endourological techniques, we offer faster recovery, less pain, and better treatment outcomes.

Reconstructive Urology

This field involves surgical correction of congenital or acquired abnormalities of the urinary tract. Common surgeries include:

• Urethroplasty: Reconstruction of the urethra to treat strictures, trauma, or incontinence.
• Pyeloplasty: Surgical correction of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction to prevent kidney damage from urine buildup.
• Bladder Reconstruction: Restoration or creation of a functional bladder, often using tissue grafts, for conditions like bladder exstrophy or neurogenic bladder.
• Renal Transplantation: Implantation of a healthy donor kidney in patients with end-stage renal disease.
• Male Genital Reconstruction: Surgical procedures to correct congenital or acquired defects of the penis or scrotum, such as hypospadias repair or penile reconstruction.

Laparoscopic Urology

This minimally invasive technique uses a laparoscope (a small camera and light source) inserted through small incisions. Benefits include reduced scarring, less pain, and quicker recovery compared to open surgery.

Procedures we offer include laparoscopic pyeloplasty, nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, and partial nephrectomy. Our team combines technological excellence with clinical expertise to deliver optimal care to both local and international patients.

Robotics

Robotic-assisted surgery enhances surgeon control, precision, and dexterity during procedures. It is widely used in the treatment of prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers.

• Precision: Enables highly accurate movements, reducing complication risks.
• Dexterity: Robotic arms provide improved access to hard-to-reach areas.
• Control: Enhanced visualization and responsiveness during surgery.
• Minimally Invasive: Smaller incisions and faster recovery.
• Improved Outcomes: Robotic surgery is associated with shorter hospital stays and better results.

Frequently Asked Questions About Urology

Why would you be referred to urology?

Individuals may be referred to a urology department if they experience changes in urination patterns, difficulty initiating urination, a weak urine stream, pain during urination, cloudy urine, the presence of blood in the urine, or involuntary loss of urine.

What does an urology test do?

Urological tests may be performed to detect obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities in the urinary and reproductive systems. Cystometry and urine flow tests help physicians assess whether urinary function is within normal limits.

What are urology problems?

Urological conditions include issues such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder control problems, and prostate disorders. While some urological conditions are short-term, others may be chronic and require long-term management.