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Breast cancer is a type of cancer that begins with the abnormal growth of cells in the breast tissue. Hormones, lifestyle factors, and environmental factors are among the known causes of breast cancer. A lump felt around the breast tissue, changes in the skin of the breast, or alterations in the shape or appearance of the breast are common symptoms. In Turkey, breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women, and early diagnosis plays a crucial role in successful treatment. Breast cancer treatment in Turkey, which includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, has made the country an internationally preferred destination for care.
Breast Cancer Symptoms
Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow abnormally and form a lump or tumor. Although it most commonly affects women over the age of 50, breast cancer can also develop in men. Some signs of breast cancer can include changes in breast size or shape, a lump in the breast, or nipple discharge. However, it’s important to note that breast cancer may also develop without any noticeable symptoms.
Common signs of breast cancer include:
- Changes in the size or shape of the breast
- A lump or mass that can be felt in the breast
- Thickening or a lump near the breast or underarm area
- Changes in the appearance of the skin on the nipple
- A firm, marble-like area under the skin
- Bloody or clear discharge from the nipple
Types Of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer types vary based on where abnormal cell growth begins in the breast tissue. Identifying the specific type and subtype of cancer is crucial to planning the most effective treatment approach.
Here are the most common types of breast cancer:
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)
This is the most common form of breast cancer. It begins in the milk ducts and can spread to the surrounding breast tissue.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)
ILC starts in the milk-producing lobules of the breast and may spread to nearby areas. It’s the second most common type of breast cancer.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
DCIS is a non-invasive, early-stage cancer that forms in the milk ducts. It hasn’t yet spread beyond the ducts, making early detection especially important.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)
Known for its aggressive nature, TNBC grows and spreads faster than many other types. It does not respond to common hormone therapies and usually requires a tailored treatment plan.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC)
IBC is a rare and fast-growing type that causes redness, swelling, and warmth in the breast symptoms often mistaken for infection.
Paget’s Disease of the Breast
A rare form of breast cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and areola. It often appears as a rash, redness, or flaking skin, similar to eczema.
Breast Cancer Stages
Knowing the stage of breast cancer is essential for planning the most effective treatment. The stage can vary depending on the type of breast cancer, the size of the tumor, and whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Here are the main stages of breast cancer:
- Stage 0: The cancer is non-invasive and has not spread beyond the milk ducts into surrounding breast tissue.
- Stage I: Cancer cells are present in the breast tissue. The tumor is small and localized.
- Stage II: The tumor is less than 2 centimeters in size and has spread to nearby lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes).
- Stage III: The cancer has spread more extensively within nearby breast tissue and lymph nodes but not to distant organs.
- Stage IV: This is advanced breast cancer. The cancer has spread (metastasized) to distant parts of the body such as the bones, liver, lungs, or brain.
What Causes Breast Cancer
Breast cancer begins when breast cells undergo mutations, causing them to grow and divide uncontrollably. Over time, these abnormal cells can form tumors and become cancerous. There are several risk factors that may increase a person’s chance of developing breast cancer.
Common risk factors for breast cancer include:
- Being over the age of 55
- Being female (women are much more likely to develop breast cancer than men)
- Having a family history of breast cancer
- Inheriting genetic mutations (about 15% of breast cancer cases are linked to inherited gene changes)
- Tobacco use
- Consuming alcohol
- Obesity
- Exposure to radiation
- Undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Breast Cancer Treatment in Turkey
In Turkey, breast cancer treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach and is carried out by experienced and specialized doctors. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies are personalized based on the stage of the disease and the patient’s overall condition. Oncologists, surgeons, and support teams closely monitor each step of the treatment process. For international patients, dedicated units provide language support and coordinated care throughout the treatment journey. With its high standards of care and holistic treatment approach, Turkey has become one of the preferred destinations for breast cancer treatment.
Why Choose Medicana?
Medicana is a leading healthcare group known for its comprehensive services in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. With its modern medical infrastructure and experienced team of specialists, Medicana aims to provide patients with the most effective treatment methods. Thanks to its multidisciplinary approach, personalized treatment plans are developed based on each patient's specific needs. Additionally, for international patients, special units offer language support and treatment coordination, making the treatment process more accessible and comfortable.
Frequently Asked Questions About Breast Cancer Treatment in Turkey
Early signs of breast cancer?
Pain in the breast area, changes on the skin surface, a palpable lump, and discharge from the nipple can be early signs of breast cancer. However, these symptoms may vary from person to person.
Can men get breast cancer?
Although breast cancer is most commonly seen in women, it can also occur in men.
For detailed information, a personalized treatment plan, or a second opinion, schedule a meet with our expert doctors.
